The Effect of Structure Form on Wind Resistance of Large Cantilevered Roof

On the background of grandstand cantilevered roofs of two aiding foreign stadiums, the wind resistance of two large cantilevered roofs with different structure forms is compared on the basis of pressure data acquired from wind tunnel test of rigid models, according to their models, frequencies, mean wind pressure coefficients and fluctuating wind pressure power spectrum densities. A conclusion is made that the arch on the front edge of the large roof can improve the wind resistance, and is validated by calculating wind induced responses of the two kinds of the large roofs. Finally, several reasons for that the arch on the front edge is beneficial to the wind resistance of the large cantilevered roof are concluded.     

初始含水率对土壤垂直线源入渗特征的影响

为解决现有渗灌系统在深根系植物应用中存在的问题,该文设计了一种垂直线源灌水器,并通过室内土箱试验研究了不同初始含水率条件下砂黄土和塿土的垂直线源入渗特征。结果表明：Philip入渗公式的形式能够较好地描述2种土壤的三维入渗过程;入渗时间一定时,砂黄土和塿土的累积入渗量均与初始含水率之间呈二次函数递减关系;2种土壤入渗的最大径向距离、最大垂向距离、宽深比均与初始含水率之间呈二次函数抛物线关系;2种土壤相比,偏砂性的砂黄土累积入渗量在低初始含水率下较塿土大,但随着初始含水率的增加其减小速度较塿土快,偏黏重的塿土入渗临界初始含水率较砂黄土大,但其入渗范围较砂黄土小。这些结果可为不同土壤条件下的垂直线源灌水技术发展提供参考。     

Particulate organic matter in water stable aggregates formed after the addition of C-labeled maize residues and wetting and drying cycles in vertisols

Development of soil structure and the dynamics of water stable aggregates (WSA) in many soils are known to be closely related to the cycling of soil organic matter. In some fine and medium textured soils particulate organic matter (POM) has been found to act as a nucleus for macroaggregate formation. However, this role of POM in aggregate formation has not been demonstrated in soils dominated by smectitic clay minerals. This study explored aggregation processes in a Vertisol from a semi-arid region in Northeastern Mexico in relation to the addition of ¹⁴C-labeled maize residues and application of wetting and drying cycles during 105 days of incubation. Fractionation of the WSA formed showed that labeled residues were preferentially accumulated in large macroaggregates (>2000 μm). Treatments with addition of organic residues had three to four times more intra-aggregate particulate organic matter (iPOM) in large macroaggregates than the control after 14 days of incubation. Residue-derived carbon accounted for 53% and 41% of the total carbon stored in the iPOM fraction in amended treatments with and without wetting and drying cycles, respectively. Conversely, residue-derived carbon represented <20% of the total carbon in the iPOM fraction from small macroaggregates (250-2000 μm) and microaggregates (53-250 μm). Results also showed that the amount and concentration of carbon per large macroaggregate did not differ between the large macroaggregates formed under wetting and drying and those formed in continuous moist conditions. However, due to formation of higher number of large macroaggregates per kg of soil, more carbon could be stored in amended soils under wetting and drying than in constantly wet soil: 1.4, 1.8 and 2.7 times more ¹⁴C kg⁻¹ soil after 14, 58 and 105 incubation days, respectively. The results in this study suggest that wetting and drying enhanced protection of the added maize residues inside large macroaggregates by forming more aggregates, rather than by increasing the amount of POM entrapped per aggregate. Therefore, after the addition of organic residues, this soil could accumulate more C than continuous moist soil through the influence that wetting and drying has on soil aggregation.     

2011年7月25-26日呼伦贝尔市强降雨过程分析

强对流天气是呼伦贝尔市夏季发生频率较高的灾害性天气之一,其中雷雨大风、短时强降水最为常见。应用常规天气图资料、地面自动站加密降水观测资料和探空资料,对2011年7月25日8:00时至26日8:00时呼伦贝尔市中部地区发生的强降水过程进行了分析。结果表明:首先南北向的低空急流将日本海和东海的暖湿空气带入该市,其次低空急流左侧强烈的风速和风向切边,有低压生成发展,并在流场上形成辐合,从而造成急流轴左侧产生强烈的上升运动,再次西风槽带来的干冷西北气流与之配合形成不稳定层结,为暴雨的出现提供了极有利的天气条件。     

A NEW TYPE OF RADIOGRAPHIC BONE REMODELING IN THE DISTAL RADIAL AND ULNAR METAPHYSIS IN 54 NEWFOUNDLAND DOGS

In this longitudinal observational study, 118 growing Newfoundland dogs were followed with sequential radiographic examination of the right front limb, which were scheduled at ages 3, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months to record evidence of skeletal changes. All affected dogs had evidence of changes at 6 months and dogs included in this study had radiographic examination at 6 months and at least two other scheduled examinations that included either 4 or 12 months. The dogs were privately owned and had individualized nutrition and environment with no maintenance protocol required by the project leaders. Irregularities in bone remodeling in the distal radius and ulna were seen in radiographs of 54 of 118 (45.8%) dogs. These irregularities differ from changes previously described in the Newfoundland dog. The reported irregularities were seen as islands of reduced opacity outlined by thickened, radiopaque osseous trabeculae, which were aligned with the axis of stress. All the 54 dogs with irregularities during some phase of development consistently had changes at 6 months of age. Reorganization of the changes in the bone was slow, and residual changes were visible at 18-24 months of age in many cases. The significance of these findings may lie in their potential for misinterpretation if they had been discovered in the presence of clinical signs such as any lameness or growth arrest. Radiographic appearance indicates disturbances in the bone maturation. The etiopathogenesis is unclear. Nutritional, environmental and genetic factors have to be studied.     

高山冰川前缘地带景观生态的发育与演替：以天山1号冰川前缘为例

高山冰川前缘地带长寿上于高寒的冰缘环境背景之下，其生态发展的发育具有原始性和简单性，随着冰川作用时间长短的变化，其冰碛母质，植被和土壤同步演替，并表现为一定的演替模式；在景观上也呈现出明显的生态分异特征。     

新时期的统一战线工作与新农村建设

在新农村建设过程中,统一战线工作大有可为,但也面临着一些新的问题,呈现出许多新的特点。具体表现在广泛性、复杂性、艰巨性等方面。我们要根据这些特点制定相应对策,发挥统一战线为新农村建设提供稳定社会、智力和资金支持以及民主监督的作用,促进新农村建设。     

层状土壤指流实验研究

为了解层状土条件下指流平均推进速度与上层土壤性状的关系，分别以西北地区三种典型土壤（西峰土、榆林土、新疆沙土）为上层土、粗沙为下层土，在室内进行充分供水条件下层状土壤指流实验。实验结果表明，上层土的饱和导水率决定了下层沙土中指流的平均推进速度，且上层土的饱和导水率与指流平均速度呈线性关系。该结论对指流特征预测具有重要参考意义。     

普通车床数控改造后大拖板的问题分析及前压板改进

介绍了普通车床数控改造后,床身导轨磨损后前吊紧压板自动补偿装置的设计。其构思新颖,结构合理,制造方便,调整简单,不需要磨削床身即可保证床身的原有精度。     

某轿车正碰安全性分析及优化

针对2012年新版C-NCAP,对某自主品牌汽车进行了正面100％重叠刚性壁障碰撞仿真.整车有限元模型的建立基于PAM-CRASH软件平台,模拟本车正面碰撞过程,根据仿真的结果,对该车型的的碰撞特性做了深入研究分析,并和实车数据进行了对标,提出提高车身正面碰撞安全性能及措施.计算结果表明,改进措施效果明显.